🌋VolcanoAtlas

Adams

Stratovolcano in United States

Last Eruption: 950

Key Facts

Elevation

3,742 m (12,277 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

46.206°, -121.490°

Region

High Cascades Volcanic Arc

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Overview

The andesitic-dacitic Mount Adams stratovolcano is second in volume only to Mount Shasta in the Cascade Range. The volcanic complex is elongated along a NNW-SSE line, and includes more than 60 flank vents over 200 km2. Volcanism began about 940 ka, with three main cone-building stages occurring at about 500, 450, and 30 ka.

It was active throughout the Holocene, producing two dozen minor explosive eruptions from summit and flank vents. Six Holocene lava flows are located on the flanks between 2,100 and 2,600 m elevation. The most voluminous Holocene lava flows, some of which traveled 10 km or more, were emplaced between about 7,000 and 4,000 years ago.

The latest eruption about 1,000 years ago produced a minor tephra layer and possibly a small lava flow down the E flank.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskModerate
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Silica Content
Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Eruption Dated

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
Recent Activity1076 years agoHistoricalHistorically active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Normal
No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

Nearby Volcanoes in North America Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The North America Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 321040
  • Evidence: Eruption Dated
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

Mount Adams in the Cascade Range is seen here in 1981 from High Knob to the NW. Its base is at a lower elevation than its neighbor Mount Rainier and it has a larger volume. Numerous flank vents surround the volcano and a series of lava flows have erupted on the N, NW, S and E flanks.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1981 (Smithsonian Institution).

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.