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Buckle Island

Stratovolcano in Antarctica

Last Eruption: 1899

Key Facts

Elevation

1,239 m (4,065 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

-66.780°, 163.250°

Region

Balleny Hotspot Volcano Group

Rock Type

Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone

Location

Loading map...

Overview

Buckle Island is in the center of a 160-km-long chain of volcanic islands forming the Balleny Islands off the coast of Antarctica's Victoria Land. The islands are located at the southern end of a submarine ridge system that extends north to New Zealand, but is offset by the Indian-Antarctic ridge system. The elongated, 21-km-long island is capped by an gently sloping icecap that descends steeply to the sea between rocky cliffs.

Dark eruption columns were reported during 1839 and 1899, but no detailed geological studies exist for the Balleny Islands volcanoes.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskModerate
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite
Silica Content
Varied composition

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone
Continental rift or intraplate setting with varied eruptive styles.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Eruption Observed

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
Recent Activity127 years agoHistoricalHistorically active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Normal
No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

Nearby Volcanoes in Antarctic-Scotia Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The Antarctic-Scotia Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 390010
  • Evidence: Eruption Observed
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

The 21-km-long Buckle Island near Antarctica is shown in this 2 March 2019 Sentinel-2 satellite image (N is at the top). It is one of three main Balleny islands of similar size with Young to the N and Sturge S and is 110 km NNE of Belousov Point.

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.