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Rapa Nui

Shield(s) in Chile

Key Facts

Elevation

501 m (1,644 ft)

Type

Shield(s)

Location

-27.114°, -109.356°

Region

Salas y Gómez Ridge Volcano Group

Rock Type

Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone

Location

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Overview

The triangular Rapa Nui (also known as Isla de Pascua, or Easter Island), is renowned for its dramatic megalithic statues of hand-carved basalt. The island sits atop the largely submarine Salas y Gómez Ridge, which trends eastward from the East Pacific Rise. It is composed of three principal volcanoes and more than 70 subsidiary vents.

Rano Kau at the SW tip includes flat-bottomed crater 1. 5 km wide, while Poike volcano is at the E point; both are of Pleistocene age. Terevaka is a broad shield volcano of Pliocene-to-Pleistocene age at the northern point of the island, which is capped by many pyroclastic cones; the last stage of activity consisted of eruptions from multiple rift zones.

The latest lava flows, at Hiva-Hiva near the west-central coast, are thought to be less than 2,000 years old.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

    Risk Level

    Population at RiskModerate
    Infrastructure RiskModerate
    Aviation RiskSignificant

    Geological Composition & Structure

    Rock Types

    Primary
    Basalt / Picro-Basalt
    Silica Content
    Low (45-52% SiO₂)

    Tectonic Setting

    Rift zone
    Continental rift or intraplate setting with varied eruptive styles.

    Age & Formation

    Epoch
    Holocene
    Evidence
    Evidence Credible

    Eruption Statistics & Analysis

    MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
    Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
    Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
    Recent ActivityUnknownHistoricalHistorically active

    Monitoring & Alert Status

    Monitoring Networks

    Global Volcanism Program
    International eruption database

    Current Status

    Normal
    No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

    Nearby Volcanoes in Southern Pacific Volcanic Regions

    Regional Volcanic Activity
    The Southern Pacific Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

    Quick Info

    • Smithsonian ID: 356011
    • Evidence: Evidence Credible
    • Epoch: Holocene

    About the Photo

    Waves lap against the northern coast of Easter island. This view looks from Obahe to Mahatua with Volcán Poike, a shield volcano forming the eastern tip of the island, on the horizon. The trachytic lava domes of Tea-Tea are the small peaks on the left horizon. The triangle-shaped Easter Island, renowned for its dramatic megalithic statues of hand-carved basalt, sits atop the Sala y Gómez submarine ridge, which trends eastward from the East Pacific Rise. The island is composed of three principal volcanoes, Poike, Rano Kau, and Terevaka.

    Photo by Oscar González-Ferrán (University of Chile).

    Basic Information

    This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.